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OpenVPNをトンネルをトンネルモードでインストール。2つのネットワークのサブネットが異なる設定
(10.0.0.0/8) === VPN(192.168.33.0/24) === (192.168.31.0/24)
OpenSSLの確認
# rpm -q openssl openssl-1.0.0j-1vl6.x86_64
openvonのインストール
# apt-get install openvpn
# cd /etc/openvpn # cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.1.3/sample-config-files/server.conf . # cp -a /usr/share/openvpn/easy-rsa .
# cd easy-rsa/2.0/
以下の最後の行あたりを修正
vars
export KEY_COUNTRY="JP" export KEY_PROVINCE="MIE" export KEY_CITY="MEIWA" export KEY_ORG="TEST" export KEY_EMAIL="okada@ism21.net"
/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0で
# source ./vars NOTE: If you run ./clean-all, I will be doing a rm -rf on /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys
# ./clean-all
# ./build-ca Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key .............................++++++ .....................................++++++ writing new private key to 'ca.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [JP]: <= Enter State or Province Name (full name) [MIE]: <= Enter Locality Name (eg, city) [MEIWA]: <= Enter Organization Name (eg, company) [TEST]: <= Enter Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <= Enter Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [TEST CA]: <= Enter Name []: <= Enter Email Address [okada@ism21.net]: <= Enter
# ls -l keys 合計 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1155 9月 11 14:54 ca.crt <=出来ているファイル -rw------- 1 root root 916 9月 11 14:54 ca.key <=出来ているファイル -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9月 11 14:53 index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 9月 11 14:53 serial
# ./build-key-server server Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key .........................++++++ .++++++ writing new private key to 'server.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [JP]: <= Enter State or Province Name (full name) [MIE]: <= Enter Locality Name (eg, city) [MEIWA]: <= Enter Organization Name (eg, company) [TEST]: <= Enter Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <= Enter Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [server]: Name []: <= Enter Email Address [okada@ism21.net]: <= Enter Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: <= Enter An optional company name []: <= Enter Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows countryName :PRINTABLE:'JP' stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'MIE' localityName :PRINTABLE:'MEIWA' organizationName :PRINTABLE:'TEST' commonName :PRINTABLE:'server' emailAddress :IA5STRING:'okada@ism21.net' Certificate is to be certified until Sep 9 05:57:54 2022 GMT (3650 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y <= y Enter 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y <= y Enter Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
以下のようにファイルが増えているserver.crtとserver.keyは確認すること
# ls -l keys 合計 40 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3761 9月 11 14:58 01.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1155 9月 11 14:54 ca.crt -rw------- 1 root root 916 9月 11 14:54 ca.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 95 9月 11 14:58 index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 9月 11 14:58 index.txt.attr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9月 11 14:53 index.txt.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 9月 11 14:58 serial -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 9月 11 14:53 serial.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3761 9月 11 14:58 server.crt <=出来ているファイル -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 9月 11 14:57 server.csr -rw------- 1 root root 916 9月 11 14:57 server.key <=出来ているファイル
ここではsample1として1クライアントを作成、クライアントの人数に応じて作成する
# source ./build-key-pass sample1 Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key ...++++++ .............................................................++++++ writing new private key to 'sample1.key' Enter PEM pass phrase:****** (1) Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:******** ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [JP]: State or Province Name (full name) [MIE]: Locality Name (eg, city) [MEIWA]: Organization Name (eg, company) [TEST]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [sample1]: Name []: Email Address [okada@ism21.net]: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows countryName :PRINTABLE:'JP' stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'MIE' localityName :PRINTABLE:'MEIWA' organizationName :PRINTABLE:'TEST' commonName :PRINTABLE:'sample1' emailAddress :IA5STRING:'okada@ism21.net' Certificate is to be certified until Sep 9 06:03:01 2022 GMT (3650 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
# ls -l keys 合計 64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3761 9月 11 14:58 01.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3645 9月 11 15:03 02.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1155 9月 11 14:54 ca.crt -rw------- 1 root root 916 9月 11 14:54 ca.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 9月 11 15:03 index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 9月 11 15:03 index.txt.attr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 9月 11 14:58 index.txt.attr.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 95 9月 11 14:58 index.txt.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3645 9月 11 15:03 sample1.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 9月 11 15:03 sample1.csr -rw------- 1 root root 1041 9月 11 15:03 sample1.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 9月 11 15:03 serial -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 9月 11 14:58 serial.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3761 9月 11 14:58 server.crt <=出来ているファイル -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 9月 11 14:57 server.csr -rw------- 1 root root 916 9月 11 14:57 server.key <=出来ているファイル
デフォルトでは1024bitなので2048で作成
1024bit
# ./build-dh Generating DH parameters, 1024 bit long safe prime, generator 2 This is going to take a long time .........................................................................++*++*++*
2048bit
# openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048 Generating DH parameters, 2048 bit long safe prime, generator 2 This is going to take a long time ..........................................................................................
# cp keys/ca.crt /etc/openvpn/ # cp keys/server.crt /etc/openvpn/ # cp keys/server.key /etc/openvpn/ # cp keys/dh1024.pem /etc/openvpn/
上記のファイル名を以下のファイルの中身を確認
/etc/openvpn/server.conf
# On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap <=L2レベルのトンネル（ブリッジなどような場合tap0を指定するようだ) dev tun <=トンネルモードを指定(IPレベル)
# Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt <=確認 cert server.crt <=確認 key server.key <=確認 # This file should be kept secret
# Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. ;dh dh1024.pem dh dh2048.pem
以下のように指定するとVPNネットワークが192.168.33.0/24でサーバのVPN側のIPは 192.168.33.1になる。
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. ;server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 server 192.168.33.0 255.255.255.0
以下の設定でクライアント側にrouteを設定する。192.168.31.0/24はVPN側のインターフェイス側にあることを設定できる。
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
192.168.31.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.33.22 192.168.33.21 1
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
VPN 側GW VPNのIPアドレス
のようなrouteが追加される
# to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" push "route 192.168.31.0 255.255.255.0"
実行アクセス権を下げる
# You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nobody user nobody group nobody
/etc/openvpn/にkeyを作成
# openvpn --genkey --secret /etc/openvpn/ta.key
server.conf
# The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret
/etc/openvpn/server.conf
# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd client-config-dir ccd <=コメント削除 ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
ccdディレクトリ作成
# mkdir /etc/openvpn/ccd
sample1として1クライアントを作成した場合は
ccdの下にsample1というファイルを作成し
ifconfig-push 192.168.33.21 192.168.33.22
の一行追加すると
192.168.33.21が割り振られる
ifconfig-push 192.168.33.x 192.168.33.y
x=4n+1, y=4n+2のルールがあるようだ。それ以外では接続できなかった。
廃止リストファイルcrl.pem を作成しておきserver.conf の最後に
crl-verify crl.pem
を追加しておく
crl.pem作成のためdummyを作成し、廃棄する
# cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa # source ./vars NOTE: If you run ./clean-all, I will be doing a rm -rf on /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys # ./build-key dummy (すべて Enter)
openssl.cnf 以下をコメントアウト
##[ pkcs11_section ] ##engine_id = pkcs11 ##dynamic_path = /usr/lib/engines/engine_pkcs11.so ##MODULE_PATH = $ENV::PKCS11_MODULE_PATH ##PIN = $ENV::PKCS11_PIN ##init = 0
# ./revoke-full dummy Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf unable to load certificate 139693420025512:error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line:pem_lib.c:696:Expecting: TRUSTED CERTIFICATE Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf unable to load certificate 140523615540904:error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line:pem_lib.c:696:Expecting: TRUSTED CERTIFICATE
# cp /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/crl.pem /etc/openvpn/
ここまでVPNがルーティングVPN (dev tun)として接続できる。IPで接続をコントロールする
(自分のLAN 10.0.0.0/8)
----------------------
| Client |
| VPN IP | 192.168.33.21 VPN Client GW 192.168.33.22
| |-----------------------------|
| | |
| | |
---------------------- |
|
|
|
---------------------- VPN Server|GW 192.168.33.2
|VPN Server | |
| VPN IP | 192.168.33.1 |
| |------------------------------
| IP | | 182.236.42.XX(eth0)
| | | 192.168.31.8(eth0:1)
| | |
---------------------- |
|
|eth0 192.168.31.14
----------------------------
| Data Server |
| |
----------------------------
上のような構成のときClientのIPアドレスでDataServerに接続する場合は Data ServerにはいかのようにRoute addの必要がある
C:\Windows\system32>route add 192.168.33.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.31.8 metric 1
クライアント側にはVPNサーバのserver.confに
push "route 192.168.31.0 255.255.255.0"
があるので接続Route addされる
あとはVPNServerがパケットを転送する必要があるので
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
ここからDownload.
OpenVPN\configにサーバで作成した/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/のca.crt、sample1.crt、sample1.key、ta.keyをコピー。
OpenVPN\sample-config\client.ovpnもここにコピー
client.ovpn
host名とポートを指定
remote 182.236.42.23 1194
ca ca.crt cert sample1.crt key sample1.key
# then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 tls-auth ta.key 1
を修正
後は起動してタスクトレイから接続
接続時のパスワードはクライアントの証明書作成(# source ./build-key-pass sample1)に入力したもの(1)
VPNサーバ上でudpまたはtcpでserver.confで指定したportを通過させるデフォルトは
port 1194
